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"VON ALLEN SEITEN WIDERSPRUCH GEGEN DIE BEVORSTEHENDE REFORM DER VATICAN-BÜROKRATIE"
Am vergangenen 8. Juli hat Papst Franziskus einen weiteren Beitrag zu dem angekündigt, was die zukünftige Kurie des Vaticans werden soll, wenn ihre neue Struktur in Kraft tritt.
Er hat 6 Nonnen ernannt, alles Generaloberinnen ihres jeweiligen Ordens zu Mitgliedern religiöser Kongregationen ernannt und dabei mit der Praxis gebrochen, die Frauen nicht als Mitglieder von Kurien-Kongregationen zuließ, die bis jetzt nur aus Bischöfen und Kardinälen bestand oder zumindest männliche Ordensobere.
Klar gesagt hat Franziskus schon 2014 einen anfänglichen Spalt geschaffen, als er Schwester Iram Luzia Premoli, Ordenoiberin der Comboni-Missionarinnen zum Mitglied der Kongregation "Propaganda Fide" ernannte. Aber was damals eine Ausnahme war, wird jetzt zur Regel und es ist zu erwarten, daß weitere ähnliche Ernennungen massenweise folgen werden.
Die Kardinäle des C9 , in Wirklichkeit inzwischen auf 6 reduziert- die dem Papst beim Regieren der Universalen Kirche helfen, hat jahrelang über dieser Kurienreform gebrütet- um am Ende in den vergangenen Monaten bei der Formulierung des Entwurfs zu landen, der diversen Kirchenmännern der verschiedenen Ebenen gezeigt wurde.
Neu geschrieben auf der Grundlage der andauernden Konsultationen und der neuen Konstitution, die den vorübergehenden Titel "Praedicate Evangelium" trägt- wird der Entwurf im September oder spätestens vor Ende des Jahres in Händen des Papstes sein wird, der sich dann Zeit für die endgültige Zustimmung nehmen wird."
Folgt man den Kommentaren, die erschienen, nachdem der Entwurf anfing, die Runde zu machen, muß er radikal revidiert werden, um die Kritiker zu befriedigen, die ihn in Fetzen gerissen haben.
Auf beiden Seiten des Kirchenspektrums -links und rechts- hat praktisch niemand der Strukturreform zugestimmt. Es genügt zu sagen, daß der Jesuit Thomas Reese, der frühere Herausgeber der New-Yorker-Jesuiten-Magazins "America" und prominenter Vertreter des progressiven Katholizismus- ihn, nachdem er ihn gelesen hatte- als "Katastrophe" beurteilt hat.
* * * *
Wenn man in Kürze sagen möchte, welches die neuen Hauptpunkte des Entwurfs sind, ist es gut, mit dem Inhaltsverzeichnis zu beginnen, das in der Tat Erneuerungen gegenüber der früheren Kurienordnung betont.
Im Entwurf werden die früheren Kongregationen und-auf einer niedrigeren Ebene-die Päpstlichen Räte unter dem Titel "Dikasterien" gleichgestellt. Und während bis jetzt jedem davon ein "Kardinal-Präfekt" oder ein Erzbischof als Präsident vorstehen mußte, spricht der Entwurf nur von Präfekten, ohne zu erklären, ob sie Kardinäle oder Erzbischöfe sein sollten und im Gegenteil feststellt, daß es auch Laien sein könnten, wie es bereits im neu geschaffenen Kommunikations-Dikasterium geschah, dessen Präfekt Paolo Ruffini ist.
Nur für das Staatssekretariat legt der Entwurf einen Kardinal als Leiter fest, wie ebenso auch für den neuen Wirtschaftsrat, dessen Koordinator zur Zeit der deutsche Kardinal Reinhard Marx ist, der auch die Position des Camerlengo zwischen den Pontifikaten bekleidet.
Das Staatssekretariat ist in der neuen Kurie das dominierende Element. Aber man kann im Inhaltsverzeichnis auch schon eine weitere substantielle Veränderung feststellen: die Abwertung der Glaubenskongregation- von der Spitze der Kongregationen an die zweite Stelle auf der Liste der neuen Dikasterien.
Hier nun das allgemeine Inhaltsverzeichnis für die verschiedenen Kapitel des Entwurfs:
STAATSSEKRETARIAT
DICASTERIEN
- für die Evangelisierung,
- für die Glaubenslehre,
- für die Wohltätigkeit des Papstes (Apostolischer Almosenier),
- für die Orientalischen Kirchen,
- für die Liturgie und die Sakramenten-Disziplin,
- für die Heiligsprechungen,
- für die Bischöfe ,
- für den Klerus,
- für die Institute des geweihten Lebens und die Gesellschaften des apsotloschen Lebens.
- für Erziehung und Kultur,
- für Laien, Familie und Leben,
- für die Förderung der integralen menschlichen Entwicklung,
- für die Förderung der Einheit der Christen,
- für den interreligiösen Dialog,
- für die Kommunikation.
- für die Glaubenslehre,
- für die Wohltätigkeit des Papstes (Apostolischer Almosenier),
- für die Orientalischen Kirchen,
- für die Liturgie und die Sakramenten-Disziplin,
- für die Heiligsprechungen,
- für die Bischöfe ,
- für den Klerus,
- für die Institute des geweihten Lebens und die Gesellschaften des apsotloschen Lebens.
- für Erziehung und Kultur,
- für Laien, Familie und Leben,
- für die Förderung der integralen menschlichen Entwicklung,
- für die Förderung der Einheit der Christen,
- für den interreligiösen Dialog,
- für die Kommunikation.
STRUKTUREN DER "DIAKONIA IUSTITIAE"
- Apostolische Poenitentierei ,
- Oberster Gerichtshof der Apostolischen Signatur,
- Tribunal der Römischen Rota,
- Amt für Gesetzestexte.
- Oberster Gerichtshof der Apostolischen Signatur,
- Tribunal der Römischen Rota,
- Amt für Gesetzestexte.
BÜROS
- Rat für die Wirtschaft,
- Sekretariat für die Wirtschaft,
- Camerlengo der Heiligen Römischen Kirche,
- Verwaltung des Erbes des Apostolischen Stuhls,
- Büro des Generalrevisors
- Sekretariat für die Wirtschaft,
- Camerlengo der Heiligen Römischen Kirche,
- Verwaltung des Erbes des Apostolischen Stuhls,
- Büro des Generalrevisors
ANDERE EINHEITEN
- Präfektur des päpstlichen Haushalts,
- Amt für liturgische Feiern des Papstes,
- Rechtsabteilung der Römischen Kurie.
- Amt für liturgische Feiern des Papstes,
- Rechtsabteilung der Römischen Kurie.
INSTITUTIONEN, DIE MIT DEM HEILIGEN STUHL VERBUNDEN SIND
- Vatikanisches Geheimarchiv,
- Vatikanische Apostolische Bibliothek,
- Päpstliche Akademien,
- Agentur für die Evaluation und Förderung der Qualität der Universitäten und kirchlichen Fakultäten,
- Financial Information Authority,
- Päpstliche Kommission für den Schutz Minderjährige
- Fabbrica des Petersdomes
Wie man feststellen kann, enthält dieser Index weder den C9 noch das Generalsekretariat für die Bischofssynoden, die deshalb als nicht zur Vatican-Kurie gehörig angesehen werden.
Darüber hinaus stellt sich heraus, daß die Präfektur des Päpstlichen Haushalts nicht- wie vor einiger Zeit gerüchteweise behauptet wurde- abgeschafft worden.
In den einschlägigen Artikeln des Entwurfs wird jedoch klar gemacht, daß der Präfekt, aktuell Erzbischof Georg Gänswein-der auch Privatsekretär Benedikts XVI ist- dem Papst "nur bei Meetings und Besuchen auf vaticanischem Gebiet helfen wird" - während er jetzt bestellt ist, ihm sowohl im Apostolischen Palast als auch bei Reisen in Rom und in Italien zu assistieren."
Eine anderer Beweis aus dem Inhaltsverzeichnis ist der Platz am Rande für das Wirtschaftssekretariat, das im Gegensatz zur Anfangsphase des Pontifikates- als dessen Leiter der australische Kardinal George Pell war- zu gleicher Wichtigkeit aufrücken zu sollen schien- wie das Staatssekretariat, bevor ihm viel seiner Macht genommen wurde- teilweise wegen des juristischen Mißgeschicks seines Managers.
Auf jeden Fall ist die wirklich große Neuerung in der im Entwurf skizzierten neuen Kurie die vorherrschende Rolle des Staatssekretariates, mit einer Machtkonzentration, die in der Vergangenheit nicht ihresgleichen hat.
Fortsetzung folgt..
But the critiques are not limited to the canonical aspect alone. Cardinal Gerhard Müller, interviewed by Edward Pentin for the National Catholic Register of July 5, also disputed them on the theological level: "They're converting the institution of the Curia into simply a bureaucracy, into only functionalism and not an ecclesiastical institute."
Getting down to the details of the new role assigned in the draft to the secretariat of state, it can however be observed that in at least one specific area its powers have been curtailed.
It is the area of communication.
. While so far the secretariat of state has had the power to "supervise the newspaper named 'L'Osservatore Romano,' Vatican Radio, and the Vatican Television Center," now its power is in practice reduced to only the official bulletins, meaning — according to article 42.2 of the draft — "to direct the dicastery for communications about official communications regarding both the acts of the Supreme Pontiff and the activity of the Holy See."
. While so far the secretariat of state has had the power to "supervise the newspaper named 'L'Osservatore Romano,' Vatican Radio, and the Vatican Television Center," now its power is in practice reduced to only the official bulletins, meaning — according to article 42.2 of the draft — "to direct the dicastery for communications about official communications regarding both the acts of the Supreme Pontiff and the activity of the Holy See."
As for the other prominent development of the draft on reforming the curia, namely the downgrading of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, the article that has raised the most reservations is 69.1, which recognizes that the episcopal conferences, in protecting the faith from error, have a "primary responsibility" that "also includes a certain authentic doctrinal authority," as Pope Francis affirmed previously in "Evangelii Gaudium" 32.
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BY WAY OF DOCUMENTATION
The following are the two sections of the draft on reform — from the English version submitted for consultation — concerning the secretariat of state and the dicastery for the doctrine of the faith.
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SECRETARIAT OF STATE
Art. 44.
The Secretariat of State closely assists the Supreme Pontiff in the exercise of his supreme mission.
The Secretariat of State closely assists the Supreme Pontiff in the exercise of his supreme mission.
Art. 45
1. It is governed by the Cardinal Secretary of State.
1. It is governed by the Cardinal Secretary of State.
2. It includes three sections, which are the Section for General Affairs under the direction of the Substitute, with the help of the Assessor; the Section for Relations with States and International Organization, under the direction of its own Secretary, with the help of the Undersecretary and of an undersecretary added for the multilateral sector and the International Organizations; this Section is assisted by a Council; the Section for the Diplomatic Staff of the Holy See, under the direction of the Secretary for Pontifical Representatives.
First Section – General Affairs
Art. 46
In the first Section belongs in a particular way the dispatching of the affairs regarding the daily service of the Supreme Pontiff, of examining those affairs concerned with things outside the ordinary competence of the dicasteries of the Roman Curia and of the other structures of the Apostolic See; and of fostering coordination among the same Dicasteries and Entities. (It belongs to this Section to carry out all that regards the representatives of States before the Holy See.
In the first Section belongs in a particular way the dispatching of the affairs regarding the daily service of the Supreme Pontiff, of examining those affairs concerned with things outside the ordinary competence of the dicasteries of the Roman Curia and of the other structures of the Apostolic See; and of fostering coordination among the same Dicasteries and Entities. (It belongs to this Section to carry out all that regards the representatives of States before the Holy See.
Art. 47
Moreover, it belongs to this Section:
Moreover, it belongs to this Section:
1. To draw up and send out Apostolic Constitutions, Letters of decree, Apostolic Letters, Epistles, and other documents the Supreme Pontiff entrusts to it;
2. To dispatch all the acts regarding nominations that in the Roman Curia and in the other structures depending on the Holy See must be completed and approved by the Supreme Pontiff;
3. To keep the lead seal and the ring of the Fisherman.
Art. 48
Likewise it belongs to this Section:
Likewise it belongs to this Section:
1. To attend to the publication of the acts and the public documents of the Holy See in the bulletin entitled "Acta Apostolicae Sedis";
2. To direct the Dicastery for Communications about official communications regarding both the acts of the Supreme Pontiff and the activity of the Holy See.
Art. 49
Through the office of statistics, this Section collects, coordinates, and publishes all the data, elaborated according to statistical norms, that concern the life of the Church in the whole world.
Through the office of statistics, this Section collects, coordinates, and publishes all the data, elaborated according to statistical norms, that concern the life of the Church in the whole world.
Second Section – Relations with States and International Organizations
Art. 50
The proper task of the second Section, that is of relations with States and International Organizations, is attending to the affairs that must be dealt with by the respective authorities.
The proper task of the second Section, that is of relations with States and International Organizations, is attending to the affairs that must be dealt with by the respective authorities.
It belong to this section:
1. To foster the diplomatic and political relationships of the Holy See with States and other subjects of international right and to handle general affairs for the promotion of the good of the Church and of civil society, also through the stipulation of concordats and other international agreements, keeping in mind the opinion of interested episcopal structures;
2. To represent the Holy See before intergovernmental international Organizations as well as multilateral intergovernmental Conferences, availing itself, where appropriate, of the collaboration of the competent Dicasteries of the Roman Curia;
3. To express an opinion whenever a Department of the Roman Curia intends to publish a declaration or a document relating to international relations or representatives of the civil Authorities.
Art. 51
1. In particular circumstances, by appointment of the Supreme Pontiff, this section, having consulted the competent dicasteries of the Roman Curia, carries out everything that concerns the provision of particular Churches, as well as the constitution and changes of these and of their structures.
1. In particular circumstances, by appointment of the Supreme Pontiff, this section, having consulted the competent dicasteries of the Roman Curia, carries out everything that concerns the provision of particular Churches, as well as the constitution and changes of these and of their structures.
2. In other cases, especially where there is a concordat regime, it belongs to this section to attend to those affairs that concern civil governments.
Art. 52
In this Section, where necessary, stable Commissions may be opportunely constituted to deal with specific matters or general issues relating to the different Continents and particular geographical regions.
In this Section, where necessary, stable Commissions may be opportunely constituted to deal with specific matters or general issues relating to the different Continents and particular geographical regions.
Third Section -- For the Diplomatic Staff of the Holy See
Art. 53
1. The Section for the Diplomatic Staff of the Holy See takes care of questions related to persons that carry out their work in the diplomatic service of the Holy See, in particular of their conditions of life and work and of their permanent formation. In order to fulfill this task, the Secretariat makes a visit to the offices of the Pontifical Representatives. He calls together and presides at the ad hoc meetings for the provision of these representatives.
1. The Section for the Diplomatic Staff of the Holy See takes care of questions related to persons that carry out their work in the diplomatic service of the Holy See, in particular of their conditions of life and work and of their permanent formation. In order to fulfill this task, the Secretariat makes a visit to the offices of the Pontifical Representatives. He calls together and presides at the ad hoc meetings for the provision of these representatives.
2. The Section collaborates with the President of the Pontifical Ecclesiastical Academy, with regard to the selection and formation of candidates for diplomatic service to the Holy See. It maintains contact with all retired diplomatic staff.
3. The Section exercises its function in close collaboration with the Section for General Affairs and with the Section for Relations with States, all of which, according to the specific area of their activities, take care of what concerns the Pontifical Representatives.
[…]
DICASTERY FOR THE DOCTRINE OF THE FAITH
Art. 67
The specific task of the Dicastery for the Doctrine of the Faith is that conforming to the Gospel as the norma normans non normata—of supporting the Pope and the Bishops, both as individuals and in their associations, in announcing the Gospel throughout the whole world and of promoting and protecting the integrity of Catholic doctrine on faith and morals.
The specific task of the Dicastery for the Doctrine of the Faith is that conforming to the Gospel as the norma normans non normata—of supporting the Pope and the Bishops, both as individuals and in their associations, in announcing the Gospel throughout the whole world and of promoting and protecting the integrity of Catholic doctrine on faith and morals.
Art. 68
1. The Dicastery favours and supports study and reflection on the understanding of faith and on the development of theology in different cultures, in the light of the challenges and the signs of the times, so as to offer an answer, in the light of faith, to the questions and arguments arising from the progress of the sciences and the evolution of civilizations.
1. The Dicastery favours and supports study and reflection on the understanding of faith and on the development of theology in different cultures, in the light of the challenges and the signs of the times, so as to offer an answer, in the light of faith, to the questions and arguments arising from the progress of the sciences and the evolution of civilizations.
2. This unites faithfulness to traditional doctrine with the courage to seek new answers to new questions.
Art. 69
1. On the measures to be adopted for the protection of the faith, for the purpose of preserving the integrity of the truth from damage caused by errors in any way disclosed, the Dicastery works in close contact with the Bishops and the Episcopal Conferences, which have primary responsibility in the particular Churches and are also subject to specific attributions, also including some genuine doctrinal authority.
1. On the measures to be adopted for the protection of the faith, for the purpose of preserving the integrity of the truth from damage caused by errors in any way disclosed, the Dicastery works in close contact with the Bishops and the Episcopal Conferences, which have primary responsibility in the particular Churches and are also subject to specific attributions, also including some genuine doctrinal authority.
2. The cooperation indicated above is valid above all to the issue of authorization for teaching in the Church, where the Dicastery will apply the principal of subsidiary.
3. The Dicastery, by virtue of its duty to ensure that no damage is done to faith and morals with regard to all the people of God, may require that the publications of the faithful concerning faith and morals, in writing or using other tools and forms of communication, be subject to the prior judgment of the competent authority.
Art. 70
The Dicastery is engaged in safeguarding the truth of the faith and the integrity of morals. In this regard:
The Dicastery is engaged in safeguarding the truth of the faith and the integrity of morals. In this regard:
a) It examines the writings and the opinions that appear contrary or dangerous to right faith; it seeks dialogue with their authors and presents appropriate remedies to pursue, following the norms of the Agendi ratio in doctrinarum examine;
b) It works so that errors and dangerous doctrines, which have become diffused among the Christian people, are not imparted without a clear and adequate statement of what is correct and true.
Art. 71
1. After having heard the local bishop in the case or the respective Episcopal Conference, the Dicastery judged delicts against the faith and the gravest delicts committed against morals or in the celebration of the sacraments and, if applicable, proceeds to declare or impose canonical sanctions according to the norm of law, whether communal or individual, without prejudice to the competency of the Apostolic Penitentiary and closely following the Agendi ratio in doctrinarum examine.
1. After having heard the local bishop in the case or the respective Episcopal Conference, the Dicastery judged delicts against the faith and the gravest delicts committed against morals or in the celebration of the sacraments and, if applicable, proceeds to declare or impose canonical sanctions according to the norm of law, whether communal or individual, without prejudice to the competency of the Apostolic Penitentiary and closely following the Agendi ratio in doctrinarum examine.
2. It examines delicts against the faith, the sacraments, and morals reserved to the Dicastery for judgment in accordance with the provisions of canon law and the Proper Norms.
3. The Dicastery will examines these delicts referred to in § 2 in accordance with its own procedural regulations, and has jurisdiction over the lesser tribunals mentioned in the aforementioned Norms, including the interdiocesan tribunals erected for this purpose.
4. With regard to reserved delicts referred to in $ 2, the Dicastery can judge, by mandate from the Roman Pontiff, the Cardinal Fathers, the Patriarchs, the Legates of the Apostolic See, the Bishops, as well as other physical persons in accordance with the provisions of Canon law.
5. With regard to delicts of abuse of ecclesiastical power or function, the Dicastery may judge, by mandate of the Roman Pontiff, the same persons named in $ 4 every time the delict is committed in relation to the gravest delicts listed in the Proper Norms.
6. The Dicastery assists diocesan Bishops, major religious superiors, and their conferences in developing local policies and procedures in order to provide an adequate response to cases of sexual abuse of minors on the part of clerics, according to the norms of Canon Law and the requirements of civil law. In assisting the Bishops and Major Superiors with their local guidelines to promote the safeguarding of minors and of vulnerable adults from abuse, the Dicastery works in collaboration with the Pontifical Commission for the Protection of Minors.
Art. 72
It is the responsibility of the Dicastery to examine and judge, both in law and in fact, everything that regards the "privilegium fidei".
It is the responsibility of the Dicastery to examine and judge, both in law and in fact, everything that regards the "privilegium fidei".
Art. 73
The documents that must be published by other dicasteries, offices and entities of the Roman Curia, in so far as these regard doctrines of faith and morals, are to be submitted to the prior judgment of the Dicastery. The decision on the matter is to be reached through exchange and agreement.
The documents that must be published by other dicasteries, offices and entities of the Roman Curia, in so far as these regard doctrines of faith and morals, are to be submitted to the prior judgment of the Dicastery. The decision on the matter is to be reached through exchange and agreement.
Art. 74
The Dicastery erects Personal Ordinariates for Anglicans who enter into full communion with the Catholic Church within the territorial confines of a specific Episcopal Conference, after having consulted the same Conference. Each Ordinariate depends on the Dicastery, which maintains close relationships with the other Roman Dicasteries according to their competence.
The Dicastery erects Personal Ordinariates for Anglicans who enter into full communion with the Catholic Church within the territorial confines of a specific Episcopal Conference, after having consulted the same Conference. Each Ordinariate depends on the Dicastery, which maintains close relationships with the other Roman Dicasteries according to their competence.
Art. 75
Die Päpstliche Biblische Kommission und die Internationale Theologische Kommission werden vom Dicastery eingesetzt, arbeiten nach ihren eigenen anerkannten Normen und werden beide vom Präfekten dieses Dicastery geleitet.
Die Päpstliche Biblische Kommission und die Internationale Theologische Kommission werden vom Dicastery eingesetzt, arbeiten nach ihren eigenen anerkannten Normen und werden beide vom Präfekten dieses Dicastery geleitet.
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